Typical Paraguayan folk music derives from two separate traditions: the polka, which is of European origin and is generally upbeat, and the guarania, which has a slower, swaying beat and was created during the s. The initiator of this music was renowned Paraguayan musician Jose Asuncion Flores, who was influenced by tango music which he heard in neighboring Argentina. Click here for Weather in Paraguay. South Carolina. South America. World Wonders. Luxury Travel. The Great Outdoors.
Scuba Diving. Peruvian Amazon Cruise. South Pacific. North America. Colors of Morocco. Costa Rica Adventure. Secluded Zanzibar. Welcome to iExplore. On the home voyage, one of the vessels was wrecked off Santa Catarina Island near the Brazilian coast.
In the Chaco, they faced drought, floods, and cannibal Indian tribes. When navigation became difficult, Cabot turned back, but only after obtaining some silver objects that the Indians said came from a land far to the west. Cabot returned to Spain in and informed Emperor Charles V about his discoveries. Charles gave permission to Don Pedro de Mendoza to mount an expedition to the Plata basin. This Basque soldier of fortune saw the beginnings of a textile industry and the introduction of cattle, which flourished in the country's fertile hills and meadows.
Irala presided over the construction of a cathedral, two churches, three convents, and two schools. Irala eventually antagonized the Indians, however. In the last years of his life, he yielded to pressure from settlers and established the encomienda. Under this system, setlers received estates of land along with the right to the labor and produce of the Indians living on those estates.
Although encomenderos were expected to care for the spiritual and material needs of the Indians, the system quickly degenerated into virtual slavery. In Paraguay 20, Indians were divided among encomenderos. This action helped spark a full-scale Indian revolt in and Political instability began troubling the colony and revolts became commonplace. Also, given his limited resources and manpower, Irala could do little to check the raids of Portuguese marauders along his eastern borders.
Still, Irala left Paraguay prosperous and relatively at peace. During the next years, the Roman Catholic Church--especially the ascetic, single-minded members of the Society of Jesus the Jesuits --had much more influence on the colony's social and economic life than the feckless governors who succeeded Irala.
In Philip III proclaimed that only the "sword of the word" should be used to subdue the Paraguayan Indians, thus making them happy subjects. The church granted extensive powers to Jesuit Father Diego de Torres to implement a new plan, with royal blessings, that foresaw an end to the encomienda system.
This plan angered the settlers, whose lifestyle depended on a continuing supply of Indian labor and concubines. The new Jesuit reducciones were unfortunately within striking distance of the mamelucos, the slave-raiding, mixed-race descendants of Portuguese and Dutch adventurers.
The mamelucos survived mostly by capturing Indians and selling them as slaves to Brazilian planters. The Spanish authorities chose not to defend the settlements. Spain and Portugal were united from to Although their colonial subjects were at war, the governor of Rio de la Plata Province had little incentive to send scarce troops and supplies against an enemy who was nominally of the same nationality. In one such raid in , about 3, Paulistas destroyed the reducciones in their path by burning churches, killing old people and infants who were worthless as slaves , and carrying off to the coast entire human populations, as well as cattle.
Their first raids on the reducciones netted them at least 15, captives. Faced with the awesome challenge of a virtual holocaust that was frightening away their neophytes and encouraging them to revert to paganism, the Jesuits took drastic measures. About 12, people survived. But the retreat failed to deter the Paulistas, who continued to raid and carry off slaves until even the reducciones far to the south faced extinction.
0コメント