It is bicameral, comprised of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Constitution grants numerous powers to Congress, including the power to:. Since the United States was formed, many disputes have arisen over the limits on the powers of the federal government in the form of lawsuits ultimately decided by the Supreme Court.
The executive power in the federal government is vested in the President, although power is often delegated to the Cabinet members and other officials. The President and Vice President are elected as running mates by the Electoral College for which each state, as well as the District of Columbia, is allocated a number of seats based on its representation in both houses of Congress. The President is limited to a maximum of two four-year terms.
If the President has already served two years or more of a term to which some other person was elected, he may only serve one more additional four-year term.
The Judiciary explains and applies the laws. This branch hears and eventually makes decisions on various legal cases. Section I also establishes a lifetime tenure for all federal judges and states that their compensation may not be diminished during their time in office. Article II, section II establishes that all federal judges are to be appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.
Learn to solve the Rubix Cube with the easiest method, memorizing only six algorithms. Skip to main content. Module 2: Federalism. Search for:. Key Takeaways Congress is the legislative branch and is comprised of the Senate and the House of Representatives. This is guaranteed by the Tenth Amendment to the U. Additionally, as the Venn diagram shows, states and the national government share certain powers concurrent powers.
These include, but are not limited to, the power to tax, the power to borrow money, to build roads, and to pass criminal justice laws. Conflicts between the state and national authority are often found in these concurrently held powers.
Additionally, the spheres of powers held by each level of government are sometimes merged through the process of distributing federal money to the states. This process is known as the grants-in-aid system. While the federal government may not be able to require state action in certain policy areas reserved for state regulation such as education , the federal government is able to attach conditions to monies distributed to states.
These requirements are known as mandates. If the states do not meet these strict conditions, they will lose the associated federal funding. There are two main types of federal aid to states. Categorical grants, which require federal aid to be used for specific purposes, are the main source of federal aid to states.
Block grants, which are less specific than categorical grants, are sources of federal aid that are provided for general purposes. Block grants generally have fewer restrictions than do categorical grants.
There are some powers that are denied to both the state and national governments.
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