Benta Super Contributor Posts: Country:. If these grades are specified, it basically means you use almost anything. They are mostly used for supply decoupling purposes. There is also a capacitance change with applied DC voltage, capacitance drops with an increase in applied DC voltage and X7R performs slightly better than X5R. Capacitance drop with increased apllied voltage is very dependant on package size with larger packages performing much better than the smaller or packages.
While it appears similar, the temperature coefficient designation for class II is different primarily because of the drastically different material set. These types of capacitors are made using barium titanate more of that later. This material has much higher dielectric constant than class I materials, like 1, to 10, times as much.
That amount of capacitance comes at a price, it is not as stable over temperature. The way to decode the alphabet soup of is slightly easier than their class I counterparts.
In this case the first letter is the lower temperature extreme, the second letter is the upper temperature extreme, and the final letter is the capacitance tolerance over that range. There exists a third class of MLCC dielectrics. This type is known for two things, its very high capacitance and its temperature instability. But how can they be so different if they are made with the same materials? Well, that is where the different manufacturers apply their expertise in materials science.
Certain dopants are added to the barium titanate material to flatten out the curve of relative permittivity vs temperature such that it becomes more stable across temperature. With our simulation tool, K-SIM, you can explore how temperature affects capacitors.
Click here to view this K-SIM 3. Temperature coefficients and tolerance over a temperature range is all fine and dandy, but explaining the next effects fully requires a bit of a dive into the physics and even chemistry of the dielectric material itself.
Strap in, this is going to get interesting. A lot of the magic of a capacitor comes from the dielectric material itself. Some people would describe a dielectric as an insulator that prevents the two electrodes from shorting. That is true, but there is a bit more to dielectrics than just that. This type of capacitor has a large specific capacitance, a non-linear change in capacitance with temperature, and a large loss.
It is often used in electronic equipment for bypassing, coupling, or in other circuits that do not require high loss and capacitance stability. Among them, Class II ceramic capacitors are divided into stable and usable levels. The main difference lies in the temperature range and the characteristics of the capacitance change with temperature.
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